超可持续！多中庭多木箱空间的ICTA-ICP科研大楼
本帖最后由 普拉达 于 2015-7-6 12:01 编辑ICTA-ICP大楼是一栋坐落在巴塞罗那自治大学的环境科学和古生物学研究中心。这栋地上五层，地下两层，占地40米见方的大楼采用了可持续型设计，其主要的功能布局为：一楼含大厅，酒吧，几个教室和会议室，以及行政区；上面楼层主要是办公室和实验室；顶楼有种植菜园的休息区；地下层有仓库和其他实验室。The ICTA-ICP building, located in the UAB Campus (Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona), is a research centre in environmental sciences and palaeontology. In accordance with the research fields of the building users, they bet, from the beginning, for a building prepared to give an ambitious response to the challenges of sustainability.The building, an isolated volume of five floors of 40x40m2 and two basements, contains the following program: in the ground floor there is the hall, the bar, few classrooms and meeting rooms and the administration area; the next 3 floors hold on the offices and laboratories; on the roof there are vegetable patches together with the resting areas. The semi basement has the parking and the engine rooms while the basement has the warehouses and other laboratories.
实验室和办公室的运转将会产生热量，建筑师利用可持续的适应性和灵活性系统在夏天收集热能并将其利用于冬天。他们主要从以下几个方面设计建筑以支持可持续发展：结构，表皮，天井，地下室，木箱，气候与管理，材料，水。建筑采用了低成本长寿命同时储热性能良好的混凝土结构，同时积极利用地热和烟囱效应。外表皮采用了低成本的生物机制外表皮，能够如工业化的温室那样，自动开关部件应对阳光和风，积极利用自然条件调节温度和通风，保持建筑内部舒适。Both offices and laboratories are spaces with a lot of internal load and therefore tend to be hot. The ICTA-ICP building has been designed to take profit from this internal situation in winter while it tends to dissipate it in summer. It has been thought as an adaptable and flexible infrastructure able to suffer changes of use, developing several simultaneous strategies that work complementarily.. Structure
A long life and low cost concrete structure with a lot of inertia has been chosen as the main structure, contributing directly to the passive comfort of the building. The quantity of concrete has been optimized distributing its mass in favour of the thermal exchange. It uses a post-stressed concrete slabs with pipes in the central area where the air circulates, in order to build a lighter structure. At the top and bottom of the slab the thermal mass is activated by geothermal energy.. Skin
The concrete structure is wrapped and protected by a low cost exterior bioclimatic skin. By installing a greenhouse industrialized system that, opens and closes its mechanisms automatically, the solar gain and ventilation are regulated. This way, it is possible to raise the interior temperature naturally and guarantee a base of comfort in the circulation spaces as well as in the in-between spaces.
建筑拥有4个大天井，这些天井为建筑带来更多的自然光和通风，减少对人工照明和人工空调系统的消耗。天井可作为展示区域，点缀其中郁郁葱葱的植物不仅美观场所，更提高了场所的湿度和舒适性。建筑师还在地下室建立了空间循环系统的过渡空气室。. Patios
In the middle of the building four patios, with stairs that connect the different levels at certain points, guarantee light and ventilation in all workspaces reducing the consumption of artificial lighting. These patios, as well as the inbetween spaces and the perimeter gallery, contain several plant species that allow to improve the comfort through the adjustment of the humidity gradient.. Basements
The building also takes advantage of the contact of the two basements with the terrain to pre-acclimatize the air renovations of the building: through both air chambers, the one generated by the support beam 'PI' and the one of the ventilated ground floor slab.
工作区采用了绝缘性十分良好的木箱+玻璃窗组合。这些木箱根据需求以不同的数量和不同的间距出现在各个楼层。木箱间的空间还作为休息区。. Wooden boxes
Inside this improved climate there are well-insulated wooden boxes, with practicable glass openings that help to achieve the comfort conditions of the workspaces. The distribution of these boxes is different in each floor depending on the needs of each user and it creates generous and indeterminate interstitial spaces. These links with the circulations and generates meeting and resting areas.
整个建筑中采用了三种气候管理机制，计算机对它们进行统一的监控，处理以及管理，创造出最高效的被动能源利用方式以及最少的耗能。因此建筑具有极为天然的舒适性。此外建筑大量使用了低成本，可持续，长寿命，热工性能良好的材料。建筑也具有完善的水循环系统，发掘雨水，灰水，黄水和废水系列最大利用价值。. Climate and management
The building has been designed to host three types of climates associated with different intensities of use: Climate A: spaces in-between, that are exclusively acclimatized/heated by passive and bioclimatic systems; Climate B: offices, that combine natural ventilation with radiant and semi-passive systems; Climate C: laboratories and classrooms that have a more hermetic and conventional functioning.
Each type of climate has its own associated systems. The behaviour of the building is monitored and controlled by an automatic computer system that processes and manages an important set of information in order to optimize the comfort and the energy consumption. The system has been programmed in favour of the maximum passive behaviour of the building and to minimize the use of non-renewable energy sources. The building reacts and adapts constantly, opening and closing itself, activating and deactivating itself, managing to use all the natural possibilities offered by the environment; therefore the comfort perception is much more real, less artificial than usual.. Materials
A mineral material with a lot of thermal inertia and long service life has been chosen combined with a low environmental impact material for the secondary partitions. It has been a priority the use of organic or recycled materials and dry constructive systems as much reversible and reusable as possible. Water
The building optimizes the whole water cycle by reducing the demand and consumption through the reuse of rainwater, greywater, yellow and waste water.
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