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拉尔夫·约翰逊设计了中国最大的自然历史博物馆之一 由帕金斯威尔建筑设计事务所全球设计负责人拉尔夫· 约翰逊设计，广为瞩目的上海自然历史博物馆，在上海开幕。44,517平方米（479,180平方英尺）的博物馆以来自于七大洲超过10,000件手工艺品的陈列，提供给参观者探索自然世界的机会。这栋建筑包括展览空间、一个4D剧院、一个户外展览花园和一个30米高的天井，欢迎着参观者，引人注目的玻璃墙上有着动植物图案的多孔结构，充足的自然光线透过玻璃墙照射进来。 Ralph Johnson designs one of the largest museums for natural history in China The much anticipated Shanghai Natural History Museum, designed by Perkins+Will’s Global Design Director Ralph Johnson, has opened in Shanghai. The 44,517 square meter(479,180 square foot) museum offers visitors the opportunity to explore the natural world through the display of more than 10,000 artifacts from all seven continents. The building includes exhibit spaces, a 4D theater, an outdoor exhibit garden, and a 30-meter tall atrium that welcomes visitors with an abundance of natural light filtered through a striking glass wall inspired by the cellular structure of plants and animals.
↑ 南部鸟瞰图 Aerial view from south
↑ 从上升斜道看到的中央庭院 Central courtyard from ramp ascending the roof Perkins+Will建筑设计事务所在一场国际设计竞赛中被选中，这场比赛有一些世界最著名建筑设计事务所的参与。整体形状和建筑组织受鹦鹉螺外壳的启发，鹦鹉螺外壳是自然界所见最纯粹的几何形模型。建筑物的外表描画着天然元素，包括代表动植物多孔结构的中央中部细胞壁，象征地球植被的东部活体墙，暗示变动着的地壳板块的北部石墙以及由河流侵蚀的峡谷壁。 Perkins+Will was selected following an international design competition that included entries from some of the world’s best known architects. The overall shape and building organization was inspired by the nautilus shell, one of the purest geometric forms found in nature. Natural elements are depicted across the building’s façades including the central cell wall representing the cellular structure of plants and animals, the east living wall signifying earth’s vegetation, and the northern stone wall suggesting shifting tectonic plates and canyon walls eroded by rivers.
↑ 东南部视角的入口广场 Entry plaza from southeast
↑ 东部活体墙 East living wall “设计的关键是使用在传统中式园林中的文化参照”，约翰逊说。“通过与场地的融合，这种建筑代表了人类与自然的和谐，是中国艺术和设计基本元素的一个抽象化体现。” “The use of cultural references found in traditional Chinese gardens was key to the design,” said Johnson. “Through its integration with the site, the building represents the harmony of human and nature and is an abstraction of the basic elements of Chinese art and design.”
↑ 雕塑公园内南部视角 View from south within sculpture park 这是一栋生物气候学建筑，它通过使用智能建筑外观来应对阳光照射，最大化日光，最小化太阳能获得量。椭圆形天井池提供蒸发冷却，而建筑内的温度受地热系统的调节，地热系统使用来自地面用于加热和冷却的能量。 雨水从覆有植被的屋顶收集起来，和回收利用的灰水一起存储在池塘里。博物馆的所有能量特征都是展出的一部分，阐释了博物馆的故事。 It is a bioclimatic building in that it responds to the sun by using an intelligent building skin that maximizes daylight and minimizes solar gain. The oval courtyard pond provides evaporative cooling, while the temperature of the building is regulated with a geothermal system that uses energy from the earth for heating and cooling. Rain water is collected from the vegetated roof and stored in the pond along with recycled grey water. All of the energy features of the museum are part of exhibits which explain the story of the museum.
“对于在上海长大的人来说，老自然博物馆在他们的记忆中具有特殊地位，”帕金斯威尔建筑设计事务所上海办公室管理负责人詹姆斯·路说。“同样，围绕新博物馆开幕有许多精彩之处，在居民和游客心里有着相同的地位。博物馆将向城市里的子孙后代带来自然历史的全新体验。我们很荣幸成为建造博物馆的设计师。”三十多年里，帕金斯威尔建筑设计事务所在中国各地设计了许多动态项目。公司在上海设立的有40人的办公室服务于各式各样的客户，并在所有帕金斯威尔建筑设计事务所的业务区经营。 博物馆位于上海市中心区静安区，在静安雕塑公园内。这栋建筑取代了原来的自然历史博物馆，展览空间增加20倍后，博物馆展出能力得到了改善。 “For people who grew up in Shanghai, the old nature museum has a special place in their memories,” noted Managing Director for Perkins+Will’s Shanghai office James Lu. “Likewise, there is much excitement surrounding the opening of the new museum, which will have a similar place in the hearts of both residents and tourists alike. The museum will bring a renewed experience of natural history to this city for generations to come. We are honored to have served as the architect.” For more than three decades, Perkins+Will has designed dynamic projects across China. The firm’s 40-person office in Shanghai services a wide range of clients, and operates within all of Perkins+Will’s practice areas. The museum is in the Jing An District, in the center of downtown Shanghai, and within the Jing An Sculpture Park. The building replaces the original Natural History Museum and improves the museum’s ability to exhibit its collection with 20 times more exhibition space.
↑ 天井南视角 Atrium looking south
↑ 大厅西视图 Lobby view looking west
↑ 最低层视角庭院图 Courtyard view from lowest level
↑ 入口西南视图 Entry from southwest
↑ 南侧夜晚俯瞰图
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